Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane is a nonpolar cycloalkane widely used in industrial manufacturing and chemical synthesis. This comprehensive guide provides an extensive overview of its chemical characteristics, physical properties, applications, benefits, and safety guidelines, ensuring a thorough understanding for professionals, researchers, and industries

Chemicals Characteristics

Synonyms: Hexamethylene, Hexahydrobenzene, Hexanaphthene
Chemical Formula: C₆H₁₂
CAS Number: 110-82-7

Molar Weight

84.16 g/mol

Melting Point

4–7 °C

Boiling Point

80.7 °C

Flash Point

-1 °C

Density

0.779 g/cc

Forms

Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor

Entire form

Key Points/Overview

Cyclohexane is valued for its chemical stability, low polarity, and versatility as a solvent and intermediate. It plays a crucial role in the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are essential precursors for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 manufacturing.

Its volatility and miscibility with organic compounds make it an effective solvent in coatings, adhesives, and cleaning formulations. Cyclohexane’s predictable physical behaviour and high purity also support its use in analytical chemistry, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectroscopy.

Uses & Benefits

Cyclohexane offers significant advantages in chemical manufacturing, solvent applications, and analytical chemistry.

Chemical Manufacturing

  • Nylon Production: Precursor for adipic acid and caprolactam used in producing nylon fibres and resins.

  • Hydrogenation Feedstock: Produced by hydrogenating benzene, supporting large-scale industrial synthesis.

Solvent Applications

  • Paint and Varnish Remover: Efficiently dissolves organic compounds without leaving residue.

  • Resin and Adhesive Solvent: Enhances the stability and consistency of industrial coatings and adhesives.

Analytical Chemistry

  • HPLC and Spectroscopy: High-purity grades enable reproducible results in sensitive analytical procedures.

Safety Information

Potential Hazards

  • Skin and Eye Irritation: May cause mild irritation; appropriate PPE recommended.
  • Inhalation: Vapour inhalation at high concentrations may cause dizziness or nausea.
  • Ingestion: Harmful if ingested; immediate medical attention required.

Safety Precautions

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Gloves, goggles, and respirators should be used during handling.
  • Ventilation: Ensure workspaces have adequate ventilation or use local exhaust systems.
  • Emergency Response: In case of exposure, rinse affected areas with water and seek medical assistance.

Storage Recommendations

  • Containers: Store in tightly closed, explosion-proof containers.
  • Conditions: Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from ignition sources and oxidising agents.

Occupational Exposure Controls

  • Engineering Controls: Utilise closed systems and spark-proof ventilation equipment to control vapour release.

  • Administrative Controls: Train personnel on safe handling practices and emergency response.

  • Health Surveillance: Monitor workers for symptoms of overexposure, particularly in long-term use scenarios.

Environmental Impact and Disposal

  • Environmental Considerations: Cyclohexane is volatile and can contribute to air pollution; avoid uncontrolled release.

  • Disposal Guidelines: Dispose of in compliance with local hazardous waste regulations. Prevent discharge into water systems.

Cyclohexane’s chemical versatility, combined with proper safety and environmental management, makes it a valuable resource in industrial manufacturing and chemical synthesis. Adherence to handling protocols and exposure controls ensures safe and efficient use across its many applications.