Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone

 

Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) is a chemically modified, cross-linked polymer extensively used across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Renowned for its insolubility, swelling properties, and stabilising effects, PVPP serves as a critical excipient in a variety of formulations.

This guide presents an in-depth overview of Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone’s chemical and physical characteristics, key benefits, applications, safety protocols, and environmental considerations.

Chemicals Characteristics

Synonyms: Crospovidone, Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, Polyplasdone, and various PVP derivatives
Chemical Formula:(C₆H₉NO)ₙ
CAS Number: 25249-54-1

Molar Weight

111.14 g/mol

Melting Point

165 °C

Boiling Point

Not applicable

Flash Point

Not applicable

Density

1.144 g/cc

Forms

White to off-white crystalline powder[

Entire form

Key Points/Overview

Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone is prized for its ability to swell without dissolving, offering key functionalities such as disintegration, stabilisation, and binding. In pharmaceutical applications, it facilitates rapid tablet breakdown in the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Its chemical stability and inert nature ensure compatibility with a broad spectrum of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Beyond pharmaceuticals, PVPP plays a significant role in cosmetics as a texture enhancer and stabiliser, contributing to consistent formulation and improved consumer experience. In the food and beverage industry, PVPP is widely used to clarify beverages by binding impurities that can affect clarity and stability.

Uses & Benefits

Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone offers a diverse range of benefits across different industries due to its swelling, binding, and stabilising properties.

Pharmaceutical Industry

  • Tablet Disintegrant: Promotes rapid tablet dissolution, improving drug absorption and onset of action.

  • Stabiliser: Enhances the consistency and performance of solid dosage forms.

Cosmetics and Personal Care

  • Texture Enhancer: Improves product texture and spreadability.

  • Stabilising Agent: Maintains uniformity and prevents ingredient separation in creams and lotions.

Food and Beverage

  • Clarifying Agent: Removes haze-causing impurities from beverages like beer and wine.

Safety Information

Potential Hazards

  • Skin and Eye Irritation: May cause mild irritation on prolonged contact.

  • Inhalation: Dust inhalation can lead to respiratory discomfort, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated areas.

  • Ingestion: Generally recognised as safe in approved quantities but not intended for direct ingestion in raw form.

Safety Precautions

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use of gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection is advised during handling.

  • Ventilation: Maintain adequate ventilation and use dust extraction where necessary.

  • Emergency Response: Flush eyes or skin with water if contact occurs. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Storage Recommendations

  • Containers: Store in tightly sealed, moisture-resistant containers.

  • Conditions: Keep in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and direct sunlight.

Occupational Exposure Controls

  • Engineering Controls: Employ enclosed systems and dust extraction equipment to minimise airborne exposure.

  • Administrative Controls: Provide comprehensive training for personnel handling the material.

  • Health Surveillance: Regular monitoring for potential respiratory or dermatological reactions in exposed workers.

Environmental Impact and Disposal

  • Environmental Considerations: PVPP is chemically stable and poses minimal environmental risk under controlled use.

  • Disposal Guidelines: Dispose of according to local waste regulations. Avoid uncontrolled release into water systems or soil.

Cross-linked Polyvinylpyrrolidone’s multifunctionality and favourable safety profile make it an indispensable ingredient in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations. Adherence to recommended handling and storage protocols ensures consistent performance and user safety.