Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile, a colorless liquid with a distinct sweet odor, is a crucial solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications. This detailed guide explores its chemical characteristics, physical properties, uses, benefits, and safety information, providing a thorough understanding for professionals and researchers in diverse fields.

Chemicals Characteristics

Synonyms: ACN, Cyanomethane, Ethyl nitrile, Methyl cyanide
Chemical Formula: C₂H₃N
CAS Number: 75-05-8

Molar Weight

41.05 g/mol

Melting Point

-45.7 °C

Boiling Point

81.6 °C

Flash Point

°C

Density

0.786 g/mL

Forms

Colorless liquid

Entire form

Key Points/Overview

Acetonitrile is a prominent solvent in the chemical industry, valued for its exceptional solubility characteristics. It is a primary choice in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where its low viscosity and strong elution capabilities are essential. In pharmaceuticals, Acetonitrile plays a pivotal role in synthesizing new drugs and conducting analytical testing, thereby aiding in the development of lifesaving medications.

Its applications extend into the agricultural sector as well, where it is used in pesticide formulation and residue analysis. The versatility of Acetonitrile in these sectors underlines its indispensability in modern chemical practices, highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge about its handling and usage.

Uses & Benefits

Cosmetic Industry:

  • Emollient: Provides a soothing and softening effect on the skin.
  • Stabilizer: Enhances the stability and shelf life of cosmetic products.
  • Thickening Agent: Improves the texture and consistency of creams and lotions.

Pharmaceutical Industry:

  • Thickening Agent: Used in the formulation of creams and ointments.
  • Stabilizer: Ensures the stability and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products.

Industrial Applications:

  • Surfactant Production: Utilized in the production of detergents and surfactants.
  • Lubricant: Acts as a lubricant in various industrial processes.

Safety Information

Pharmaceutical Applications:

  • Solvent in Drug Manufacturing: Acetonitrile is extensively used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, aiding in the production of various drugs.
  • DNA Synthesis and Peptide Sequencing: Its role in DNA synthesis and peptide sequencing is vital, contributing significantly to genetic and protein research.

Analytical Chemistry:

  • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Acetonitrile is a preferred solvent in HPLC due to its low viscosity and strong eluting strength, enhancing the efficiency of analytical procedures.

Agricultural Sector:

  • Pesticide Extraction and Analysis: It plays a crucial role in extracting and analyzing pesticide residues from crops, ensuring food safety.

Biotechnology:

  • Protein Purification and DNA Extraction: In biotechnology, Acetonitrile is indispensable for protein purification and DNA extraction processes, facilitating advancements in biological research.

Occupational Exposure

Health Risks:

  • Eye and Skin Irritation: Acetonitrile can cause irritation to the eyes and skin. Protective gear should be worn to mitigate these risks.
  • Respiratory Issues: Inhalation of its vapors can lead to respiratory tract irritation. Adequate ventilation in the workplace is crucial.

Exposure Guidelines:

  • Occupational Exposure Limits: Adherence to established occupational exposure limits is essential for safety.
  • Monitoring and Limiting Exposure: Regular monitoring of Acetonitrile levels in the workplace and limiting personnel exposure are key to maintaining a safe environment.

Environmental Safety:

  • Proper Handling and Disposal: Ensuring proper handling and disposal of Acetonitrile is crucial to minimize its environmental impact.

Emergency Procedures:

  • First Aid and Medical Attention: In case of exposure, immediate first aid should be administered, and medical attention sought if necessary.
  • Specific Treatment for Poisoning: Specific treatments are required in case of poisoning, and the appropriate resources should be readily available.